A rare galaxy that's challenging our understanding of the universe

This book reviews the history behind the discovery of spiral galaxies and the problems faced when trying to explain the existence of spiral structure. You will find subjects such as galaxy morphology and structure as well as several models for spiral structure. It is an easy-to-read book.

This book is one of the most widely used advanced textbooks on the structure and dynamics of galaxies.

This is an important review article, which is all about ring structures.

This is an amazing, people-powered research project. Zooniverse enables everyone to take part in real cutting-edge research and creates opportunities for anyone to unlock answers and contribute to real discoveries. By participating in Galaxy Zoo, you can help scientists discover the secrets of galaxy evolution by classifying distant galaxies.