On sunny days, citizens of ancient Rome could be found exchanging news and gossip while attending to more urgent business at the public latrines. Today, most cultures consider trips to the restroom to be a more private occasion. But even when going alone, our shared sewage infrastructure is one of the most pivotal inventions in human history. Francis de los Reyes shares the history of the toilet. [Directed by Igor Coric, Artrake Studio, narrated by Jack Cutmore-Scott, music by Nikola Radivojevic].

Francis de los Reyes: A brief history of toilets

A brief history of toilets

Environmental engineer, sanitation activist

Despite toilet innovations and sewage infrastructure, 2.2 billion people lack access to proper sanitation, exposing them to health risks.

From communal Roman latrines to modern privacy, evolving toilet tech underscores humanity's sophisticated waste management.

Ancient innovations in sewage systems, like the S-trap, catalyzed urban development and dramatically improved public health.